Étude 1 sur 13 · Le Messie Jésus est la lumière du monde

  1. Étude 1 : Le Messie Jésus est la lumière du monde
  2. Étude 2 : La parabole de l'homme riche et de Lazare
  3. Étude 3 : Les questions des pharisiens et des hérodiens
  4. Étude 4 : Les textes fondateurs de la Bible
  5. Étude 5 : Nombre exact de generations chez Matthieu ?
  6. Étude 6 : Le discours d’Etienne devant le Sanhédrin
  7. Étude 7 : Le code d'Hammourabi
  8. Étude 8 : Le pays de Canaan
  9. Étude 9 : Le Pentateuque
  10. Étude 10 : Exemples de source Elohiste
  11. Étude 11 : Exemples de source Sacerdotale
  12. Étude 12 : La source Élohiste
  13. Étude 13 : Le Tanakh

From the third Passover to the beginning of the last week

  • PER218 The Messiah Jesus is the light of the world

    At the Feast of Sukkot in Jerusalem, Jesus proclaims himself the ‘light of the world’ (John 8.12-58), drawing on the symbolism of the great illuminations of the Temple. He gradually reveals his divine identity through debates with the Pharisees, culminating in the statement ‘Before Abraham was, I AM’, an explicit affirmation of his pre-existence and his divinity. To believe in him is to enter into the light, the truth and eternal life.

    Exodus 3.14 (King James Version) :
    And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER247 The parable of the rich man and Lazarus

    The article analyzes the parable of the rich man and Lazarus in the Gospel of Luke. Distinctive for mentioning a name, Lazarus, it explores the question of divine justice and the repercussions of earthly choices on the afterlife. Luke organizes the account around theological teachings on the kingdom of heaven, prompting deep reflection on salvation and compassion.

    Luke 16.19-31 (King James Version) :
    There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day:And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores,And desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man’s table: moreover the dogs came and licked his sores.And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham’s bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried;And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented.And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence.Then he said, I pray thee therefore, father, that thou wouldest send him to my father’s house:For I have five brethren; that he may testify unto them, lest they also come into this place of torment.Abraham saith unto him, They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.And he said, Nay, father Abraham: but if one went unto them from the dead, they will repent.And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last week before the arrest

  • PER295 The questions of the Pharisees and the Herodians

    In the Temple of Jerusalem, the Sadducees try to trap Jesus with a question about the resurrection involving a woman who had seven husbands. Jesus answers by revealing their ignorance of the Scriptures and of the power of God: in the life to come, people no longer marry. He proves the resurrection from the Torah by quoting Exodus 3.6: God is the God of the living, not of the dead. His adversaries are reduced to silence.

    Matthew 22.23-33 (King James Version) :
    The same day came to him the Sadducees, which say that there is no resurrection, and asked him,Saying, Master, Moses said, If a man die, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, when he had married a wife, deceased, and, having no issue, left his wife unto his brother:Likewise the second also, and the third, unto the seventh.And last of all the woman died also.Therefore in the resurrection whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her.Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven.But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying,I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.And when the multitude heard this, they were astonished at his doctrine.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

History of the Bible

  • BIB001 Les textes fondateurs de la Bible

    L'article traite de la rédaction des cinq premiers livres de la Bible. Il met en lumière la transmission orale, l'écriture et l'intégration de diverses sources littéraires. L'importance de la préservation textuelle à travers les siècles est également abordée, tout comme les motivations historiques des rédacteurs.

    Exodus 13.8 (King James Version) :
    And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Contradictions

  • CTD007 The exact number of generations in Matthew?

    L'article examine le décalage apparent entre treize et quatorze générations annoncées dans Matthieu 1.17, résolu par l'inclusion de Marie dans la généalogie. Cela reflète une intention théologique où le Messie n'est pas engendré par un homme mais conçu du Saint-Esprit, restaurant ainsi la cohérence des Écritures.

    Matthew 1.12-16 (King James Version) :
    And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel;And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor;And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud;And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob;And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Ministère de Pierre

  • ADA028 Le discours d’Etienne devant le Sanhédrin

    Devant le Sanhédrin à Jérusalem vers 34-35 ap. J.-C., Étienne prononce le plus long discours des Actes. En retraçant l'histoire d'Israël depuis Abraham, il montre que les envoyés de Dieu ont toujours été rejetés, culminant dans le rejet du Messie. Loin de se défendre, Étienne devient l'accusateur de ses juges, s'inscrivant dans la lignée des prophètes et du Christ.

    Acts 7.25-28 (King James Version) :
    For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Historical notes

  • INF008 Le code d'Hammourabi

    Le Code d'Hammourabi autorisait une femme stérile à proposer sa servante à son mari pour assurer une descendance, l'enfant étant reconnu comme légitime. Cette pratique, répandue dans l'ancien Proche-Orient, n'était pas prescrite dans la Loi de Moïse. Elle éclaire le geste de Sarah proposant Agar à Abraham, un acte culturellement acceptable mais contraire à la promesse divine spécifique faite à Abraham concernant sa descendance.

    Genesis 16.1-4 (King James Version) :
    Now Sarai Abram’s wife bare him no children: and she had an handmaid, an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar.Noteobtain…: Heb. be built by herAnd Sarai said unto Abram, Behold now, the LORD hath restrained me from bearing: I pray thee, go in unto my maid; it may be that I may obtain children by her. And Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarai.And Sarai Abram’s wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived: and when she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was despised in her eyes.Noteas…: Heb. that which is good in thine eyesNotedealt…: Heb. afflicted her
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  • INF011 The land of Canaan

    The land of Canaan, corresponding to present-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and parts of Jordan and Syria, is described in the Bible as 'the most beautiful of all lands'. Inhabited by the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites and Philistines, it is the land promised to the Hebrew people. Two stages, separated by 470 years, mark its conquest: Abraham's arrival, followed by Joshua's conquest after captivity in Egypt and wandering in the wilderness.

    Ezekiel 20.6 (King James Version) :
    In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands:
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    Level: Easy Audience: Beginners

  • INF032 Le Pentateuque

    Le Pentateuque, composé des cinq premiers livres bibliques, est essentiel pour les traditions juives et chrétiennes. Il raconte la création, la libération des Hébreux avec Moïse, et contient lois et récits fondateurs.

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    Level: Intermediate Public : Debutant|Intermediaire

  • INF035 Exemples de source Elohiste

    L'article examine les passages bibliques souvent attribués à la source Elohiste, laquelle utilise le nom divin Elohim et présente Dieu apparaissant dans des rêves. Il aborde des récits comme ceux d'Abraham, Ismaël, Isaac, Jacob, et Moïse, détaillant leurs éléments distinctifs.

    Genesis 31.1-55 (King James Version) :
    And he heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was our father’s; and of that which was our father’s hath he gotten all this glory.Noteas before: Heb. as yesterday and the day beforeNoterams: or, he goatsAnd Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as before.And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee.And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his flock,And said unto them, I see your father’s countenance, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father hath been with me.And ye know that with all my power I have served your father.And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; but God suffered him not to hurt me.If he said thus, The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the cattle bare speckled: and if he said thus, The ringstraked shall be thy hire; then bare all the cattle ringstraked.Thus God hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given them to me.And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled.And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob: And I said, Here am I.And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee.I am the God of Beth-el, where thou anointedst the pillar, and where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy kindred.And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?Are we not counted of him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath quite devoured also our money.For all the riches which God hath taken from our father, that is ours, and our children’s: now then, whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do.Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels;Noteimages: Heb. teraphimNoteunawares…: Heb. the heart of LabanNoteeither…: Heb. from good to badAnd he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padan-aram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father’s.And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled.So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead.And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled.And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven days’ journey; and they overtook him in the mount Gilead.And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.Then Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mount: and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead.Notesteal…: Heb. hast stolen meNotesearched: Heb. feltAnd Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast stolen away unawares to me, and carried away my daughters, as captives taken with the sword?Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly, and steal away from me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, with tabret, and with harp?And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone, because thou sore longedst after thy father’s house, yet wherefore hast thou stolen my gods?And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy daughters from me.With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, let him not live: before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them.And Laban went into Jacob’s tent, and into Leah’s tent, and into the two maidservants’ tents; but he found them not. Then went he out of Leah’s tent, and entered into Rachel’s tent.Now Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camel’s furniture, and sat upon them. And Laban searched all the tent, but found them not.And she said to her father, Let it not displease my lord that I cannot rise up before thee; for the custom of women is upon me. And he searched, but found not the images.And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me?Notesearched: Heb. feltWhereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us both.This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten.That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day, or stolen by night.Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.Thus have I been twenty years in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle: and thou hast changed my wages ten times.Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesternight.And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, These daughters are my daughters, and these children are my children, and these cattle are my cattle, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children which they have born?NoteJegar-sahadutha: that is, The heap of witness, ChaldeeNoteGaleed: that is, The heap of witness, Heb.NoteMizpah: that is, A beacon, or, watchtowerNoteoffered…: or, killed beastsNow therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee.And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar.And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed.And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another.If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold this pillar, which I have cast betwixt me and thee;This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac.Then Jacob offered sacrifice upon the mount, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mount.And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF037 Exemples de source Sacerdotale

    Cet article explore la source sacerdotale de la Bible, centrée sur les rituels, les lois et les généalogies. Elle est illustrée par des passages tels que la Création, la généalogie d'Adam à Noé et le Lévitique. Chaque exemple souligne son style structuré et détaillé.

    Exodus 25-31 (King James Version) :
    And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notebring me: Heb. take for meNoteoffering: or, heave offeringNoteoffering: or, heave offeringNotefine…: or, silkSpeak unto the children of Israel, that they bring me an offering: of every man that giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering.And this is the offering which ye shall take of them; gold, and silver, and brass,And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats’ hair,And rams’ skins dyed red, and badgers’ skins, and shittim wood,Oil for the light, spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense,Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate.And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may dwell among them.According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shall ye make it.And they shall make an ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof.Noteof…: or, of the matter of the mercy seatAnd thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without shalt thou overlay it, and shalt make upon it a crown of gold round about.And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in the four corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of it, and two rings in the other side of it.And thou shalt make staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.And thou shalt put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, that the ark may be borne with them.The staves shall be in the rings of the ark: they shall not be taken from it.And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof.And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereof.And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims be.And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the ark thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee.And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the children of Israel.Thou shalt also make a table of shittim wood: two cubits shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof.Noteto…: or, to pour out withalAnd thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, and make thereto a crown of gold round about.And thou shalt make unto it a border of an hand breadth round about, and thou shalt make a golden crown to the border thereof round about.And thou shalt make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings in the four corners that are on the four feet thereof.Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the staves to bear the table.And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, that the table may be borne with them.And thou shalt make the dishes thereof, and spoons thereof, and covers thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal: of pure gold shalt thou make them.And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway.And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same.Noteshall light: or, shall cause to ascendNoteit: Heb. the face of itNotewhich…: Heb. which thou wast caused to seeAnd six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side:Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and a flower: so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick.And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers.And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches that proceed out of the candlestick.Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all it shall be one beaten work of pure gold.And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it.And the tongs thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, shall be of pure gold.Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels.And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount.Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.Noteof cunning…: Heb. the work of a cunning workman, or, embroidererNoteselvedge: an edge of cloth so woven that it cannot unravelThe length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure.The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another.And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.And thou shalt make curtains of goats’ hair to be a covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make.Notetent: or, coveringNoteof that…: Heb. in the remainder, or, surplusThe length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure.And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the tabernacle.And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it.And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers’ skins.And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood standing up.Notetenons: Heb. handsNotetenons: Heb. handsNotecoupled: Heb. twinnedTen cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a half shall be the breadth of one board.Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of the tabernacle.And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards on the south side southward.And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side there shall be twenty boards:And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six boards.And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.And they shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward.And the middle bar in the midst of the boards shall reach from end to end.And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold.And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was shewed thee in the mount.And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made:And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four sockets of silver.And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and the vail shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy.And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side.And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: and thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them.And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.Noteit was…: Heb. he shewedAnd thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass.And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof.And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar.And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass.And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it.Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in the mount, so shall they make it.And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side:And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass.The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.Notefifty…: Heb. fifty by fiftyAll the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always.Noteto burn: Heb. to ascend upIn the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons.And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory and for beauty.And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron’s garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office.And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office.And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.Notecurious: or, embroideredIt shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together.And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel:Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold.And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.And thou shalt make ouches of gold;And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches.And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.Noteset…: Heb. fill in it fillings of stoneNotesardius: or, rubyNoteinclosings: Heb. fillingsFoursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathen work of pure gold.And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.And thou shalt put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings which are on the ends of the breastplate.And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward.And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually.And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:Notehem: or, skirtsA golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about.And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the LORD, and when he cometh out, that he die not.And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD.And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be.And it shall be upon Aaron’s forehead, that Aaron may bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before the LORD.And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needlework.And for Aaron’s sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and for beauty.Noteconsecrate…: Heb. fill their handNotetheir…: Heb. flesh of their nakednessNotereach: Heb. beAnd thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office.And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in unto the tabernacle of the congregation, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, and die: it shall be a statute for ever unto him and his seed after him.And this is the thing that thou shalt do unto them to hallow them, to minister unto me in the priest’s office: Take one young bullock, and two rams without blemish,Noteput: Heb. bindNoteconsecrate: Heb. fill the hand ofNotethe caul: it seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew doctors, to be the midriffAnd unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shalt thou make them.And thou shalt put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bullock and the two rams.And Aaron and his sons thou shalt bring unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shalt wash them with water.And thou shalt take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat, and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the curious girdle of the ephod:And thou shalt put the mitre upon his head, and put the holy crown upon the mitre.Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his head, and anoint him.And thou shalt bring his sons, and put coats upon them.And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them: and the priest’s office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute: and thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons.And thou shalt cause a bullock to be brought before the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the bullock.And thou shalt kill the bullock before the LORD, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar.And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul that is above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar.But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp: it is a sin offering.Thou shalt also take one ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.Noteunto: or, uponAnd thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it round about upon the altar.And thou shalt cut the ram in pieces, and wash the inwards of him, and his legs, and put them unto his pieces, and unto his head.And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a burnt offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.And thou shalt take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.Noteshalt wave: or, shalt shake to and froThen shalt thou kill the ram, and take of his blood, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and upon the tip of the right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about.And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be hallowed, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons’ garments with him.Also thou shalt take of the ram the fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram of consecration:And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the LORD:And thou shalt put all in the hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons; and shalt wave them for a wave offering before the LORD.And thou shalt receive them of their hands, and burn them upon the altar for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour before the LORD: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD.And thou shalt take the breast of the ram of Aaron’s consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD: and it shall be thy part.And thou shalt sanctify the breast of the wave offering, and the shoulder of the heave offering, which is waved, and which is heaved up, of the ram of the consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, and of that which is for his sons:And it shall be Aaron’s and his sons’ by a statute for ever from the children of Israel: for it is an heave offering: and it shall be an heave offering from the children of Israel of the sacrifice of their peace offerings, even their heave offering unto the LORD.And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons’ after him, to be anointed therein, and to be consecrated in them.Notethat son: Heb. he of his sonsAnd that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he cometh into the tabernacle of the congregation to minister in the holy place.And thou shalt take the ram of the consecration, and seethe his flesh in the holy place.And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.And they shall eat those things wherewith the atonement was made, to consecrate and to sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat thereof, because they are holy.And if ought of the flesh of the consecrations, or of the bread, remain unto the morning, then thou shalt burn the remainder with fire: it shall not be eaten, because it is holy.And thus shalt thou do unto Aaron, and to his sons, according to all things which I have commanded thee: seven days shalt thou consecrate them.And thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement: and thou shalt cleanse the altar, when thou hast made an atonement for it, and thou shalt anoint it, to sanctify it.Seven days thou shalt make an atonement for the altar, and sanctify it; and it shall be an altar most holy: whatsoever toucheth the altar shall be holy.Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two lambs of the first year day by day continually.Notethe tabernacle: or, IsraelThe one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even:And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering.And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee.And there I will meet with the children of Israel, and the tabernacle shall be sanctified by my glory.And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest’s office.And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God.And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their God.And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it.Notetop: Heb. roofNotesides: Heb. wallsNotecorners: Heb. ribsNotesweet incense: Heb. incense of spicesNotelighteth: or setteth up: Heb. causeth to ascendNoteat even: Heb. between the two eveningsA cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same.And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal.And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee.And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon.And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the LORD.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notetheir number: Heb. them that are to be numberedNotegive more: Heb. multiplyNotegive less: Heb. diminishWhen thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD.Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and his foot also of brass, to wash withal: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein.For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat:When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD:So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their generations.Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteapothecary: or, perfumerTake thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels,And of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin:And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony,And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense,And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy.And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office.And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.Upon man’s flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it: it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you.Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people.And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight:Notetempered…: Heb. saltedAnd thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy:And thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy.And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto thee holy for the LORD.Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notefurniture: Heb. vesselsNotefurniture: Heb. vesselsNotefurniture: Heb. vesselsSee, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah:And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass,And in cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of timber, to work in all manner of workmanship.And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded thee;The tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of the testimony, and the mercy seat that is thereupon, and all the furniture of the tabernacle,And the table and his furniture, and the pure candlestick with all his furniture, and the altar of incense,And the altar of burnt offering with all his furniture, and the laver and his foot,And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest’s office,And the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the holy place: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteholy: Heb. holinessSpeak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you.Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death.Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF042 La source Élohiste

    La source Élohiste (E) est l'une des quatre sources hypothétiques de la Torah selon l'hypothèse documentaire. Elle se distingue par l'usage du terme Elohim pour désigner Dieu, une théologie transcendante, et le recours aux rêves et visions comme modes de révélation divine. Datée du IXe-VIIIe siècle avant notre ère, elle serait issue du royaume du Nord d'Israël. Sa validité reste débattue parmi les chercheurs contemporains.

    Genesis 28.10-22 (King James Version) :
    And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Haran.NoteHaran: Gr. CharranNotespread…: Heb. break forthAnd he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it.And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed;And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not.NoteBeth-el: that is, The house of GodAnd he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.And he called the name of that place Beth-el: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first.And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,So that I come again to my father’s house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God:And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God’s house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF045 Le Tanakh

    Le Tanakh est le canon des Écritures sacrées du judaïsme, correspondant à l'Ancien Testament chrétien. Son nom est un acronyme formé des trois sections : Torah (Pentateuque), Nevi'im (Prophètes) et Ketouvim (Écrits). Rédigé principalement en hébreu avec quelques passages en araméen, il constitue le fondement théologique, moral et liturgique du judaïsme et les racines communes des traditions juive et chrétienne.

    Daniel 1.1 (King James Version) :
    In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Easy Audience: Beginners

Further reading
  • ANN054 The Jews

    L'article ANN054 clarifie les termes désignant le peuple d'Israël : Juif, Israélite, Israélien, Hébreu et Sémite. Chaque terme possède une signification distincte selon le…