The life of Jesus up to the age of 12 1 study
Historical notes 4 studies
The life of Jesus up to the age of 12
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PER016
The circumcision of the infant Jesus
Luke 2.21 recounts the circumcision of the infant Jesus, eight days after his birth in Bethlehem. In accordance with Mosaic law, Joseph and Mary have the child circumcised and name him Jesus, as announced by the angel Gabriel. This Hebrew name (Yehoshua) means ‘the Eternal is salvation’. Luke alone recounts this episode, emphasising the Messiah's humanity and his roots in Jewish tradition.
Leviticus 12.3 (King James Version) :And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Historical notes
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INF011
The land of Canaan
The land of Canaan, corresponding to present-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and parts of Jordan and Syria, is described in the Bible as 'the most beautiful of all lands'. Inhabited by the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites and Philistines, it is the land promised to the Hebrew people. Two stages, separated by 470 years, mark its conquest: Abraham's arrival, followed by Joshua's conquest after captivity in Egypt and wandering in the wilderness.
Ezekiel 20.6 (King James Version) :In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands:King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF036
Examples of the Deuteronomist source
This article examines the Deuteronomist source, highlighting its role and influence in the Hebrew Bible through Deuteronomy and other historical books such as Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings. Focusing on themes of law, covenant and centralized worship, it explores Deuteronomistic theology and its implications for Israel.
Judges 2.11-23 (King James Version) :And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim:And they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, which brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the people that were round about them, and bowed themselves unto them, and provoked the LORD to anger.And they forsook the LORD, and served Baal and Ashtaroth.And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies.Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the LORD was against them for evil, as the LORD had said, and as the LORD had sworn unto them: and they were greatly distressed.Nevertheless the LORD raised up judges, which delivered them out of the hand of those that spoiled them.Notedelivered: Heb. savedNotecorrupted…: or, were corruptNoteceased…: Heb. let nothing fall of theirAnd yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they turned quickly out of the way which their fathers walked in, obeying the commandments of the LORD; but they did not so.And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge: for it repented the LORD because of their groanings by reason of them that oppressed them and vexed them.And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from their own doings, nor from their stubborn way.And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel; and he said, Because that this people hath transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice;Noteleft: or, sufferedI also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations which Joshua left when he died:That through them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not.Therefore the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered he them into the hand of Joshua.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF043
The Deuteronomist Source
The Deuteronomist source (D) is one of the four hypothetical sources of the Torah according to the documentary hypothesis. Associated with the Book of Deuteronomy, it is distinguished by a homiletic style, a theology of the covenant and an insistence on the centralization of worship in Jerusalem. Dated to the 7th century BC, it is linked to the religious reforms of King Josiah and also influences the historical books from Joshua to 2 Kings.
2 Samuel 1.1 (King James Version) :Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;NoteHow…: Heb. What was, etcNoteHere…: Heb. Behold meNoteanguish…: or, my coat of mail (or, my embroidered coat) hindereth me, that my, etcKing James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF063
The Jewish Prophetic Tradition
The Jewish prophetic tradition rests on the writings and teachings of the prophets, messengers of God chosen to guide the people of Israel. It is characterized by social criticism, the call for justice, the denunciation of idolatry and messages of eschatological hope. The great prophets such as Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel profoundly influenced Jewish theology, biblical literature and universal ethical values.
Jeremiah 1.1 (King James Version) :The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, of the priests that were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin:King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org