Étude 1 sur 8 · Le serviteur fidèle

  1. Étude 1 : Le serviteur fidèle
  2. Étude 2 : La traduction des Septante
  3. Étude 3 : Dans quelle langue, Jésus, s'exprimait-il ?
  4. Étude 4 : Jésus et les idiomes de son époque
  5. Étude 5 : Le pays de Canaan
  6. Étude 6 : La vocalisation tibérienne
  7. Étude 7 : La région de Qumrân
  8. Étude 8 : Les Esséniens

Jesus’ ministry: callings, miracles and teachings

  • PAR016 The Faithful Servant

    La parabole du figuier bourgeonnant, rapportée par Matthieu, Marc et Luc dans leur discours eschatologique, invite les disciples à discerner les signes annonciateurs du retour du Messie. Comme les bourgeons annoncent l'été, les événements du monde annoncent la proximité du Royaume de Dieu. La parole du Christ est éternelle et sûre : le ciel et la terre passeront, mais elle demeure.

    Luke 21.29-33 (King James Version) :
    And he spake to them a parable; Behold the fig tree, and all the trees;When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of your own selves that summer is now nigh at hand.So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand.Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till all be fulfilled.Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

History of the Bible

  • BIB004 The Translation of the Septuagint

    The article deals with the translation of the Septuagint, a Greek version of the Hebrew Bible made in the 3rd century BC for Greek-speaking Jews. Produced in Alexandria, the Septuagint greatly influenced the first Christians. It includes various biblical books and was initiated by King Ptolemy II.

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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Contradictions

  • CTD043 In which language did Jesus speak?

    Article CTD043 addresses the alleged contradiction between Matthew (“Eli, Eli…”) and Mark (“Eloï, Eloï…”) regarding Jesus’ cry on the cross. Linguistic analysis shows that Jesus spoke Aramaic (as evidenced by “sabachthani” in both texts) and that the difference between “Eli” (the Hebrew form) and “Eloï” (the Aramaic form) simply reflects each evangelist’s adaptation to his readership. There is no contradiction.

    Matthew 5.17-18 (King James Version) :
    Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Historical notes

  • INF005 Jesus and the Idioms of His Time

    Cet article analyse les principales langues utilisées par Jésus et ses contemporains en Palestine : l'araméen, langue quotidienne du peuple, l'hébreu, langue liturgique des synagogues, et le grec koinè, langue de l'administration romaine et des échanges culturels. Des exemples néotestamentaires illustrent chaque usage linguistique, révélant la richesse du contexte multiculturel du premier siècle.

    Mark 15.34 (King James Version) :
    And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF011 The land of Canaan

    The land of Canaan, corresponding to present-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and parts of Jordan and Syria, is described in the Bible as 'the most beautiful of all lands'. Inhabited by the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites and Philistines, it is the land promised to the Hebrew people. Two stages, separated by 470 years, mark its conquest: Abraham's arrival, followed by Joshua's conquest after captivity in Egypt and wandering in the wilderness.

    Ezekiel 20.6 (King James Version) :
    In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands:
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Easy Audience: Beginners

  • INF058 Tiberian Vocalization

    Tiberian vocalization is a system of notation developed between the 7th and 10th centuries by Jewish scholars of Tiberias to add vowels (Nikkud) and cantillation marks (Te'amim) to the Hebrew consonants. This Masoretic system, the most complete of those that exist, standardized the reading of the Scriptures and is found in the Masoretic text, notably in the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex.

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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF064 The Qumran Region

    Qumran, located on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea in the West Bank, is a major archaeological site founded between 134 and 104 BC under John Hyrcanus. Associated with the Essenes, it is best known for the discovery in 1947 of the Dead Sea Scrolls in its caves. The excavations of Roland de Vaux revealed cisterns, ritual baths and communal rooms. The site was destroyed by the Romans in AD 68 during the First Jewish–Roman War.

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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • INF065 The Essenes

    The Essenes were an ascetic Jewish sect of the 2nd century BC, known for their strict communal life, ritual purity and devotion to the Scriptures. Associated with the site of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947, they disappeared after the destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70, leaving a major textual and spiritual legacy for understanding ancient Judaism and the origins of Christianity.

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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Further reading