PER076

Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath

Jesus and his disciples cross a wheat field on a Sabbath (April 5, AD 31, in Galilee). The Pharisees accuse them of violating Sabbath law. Jesus replies by citing David's example and affirms his absolute authority: the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath. He denounces the distortions of Pharisaic interpretation, opposed to the original spirit of Mosaic law, and claims the right to restore the true Sabbath.

5 min Sabbath Jesus, Lord of the Sabbath Pharisees Mosaic law Galilee 4 verses 4 books

Resources

Biblical texts

Matthew
Matthew 12.1-8 (King James Version)

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.

But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.

But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;

How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?

Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?

But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple.

But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.

For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day.

Mark
Mark 2.23-28 (King James Version)

And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn.

And the Pharisees said unto him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful?

And he said unto them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?

How he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the shewbread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?

And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath:

Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.

Luke
Luke 6.1-5 (King James Version)

And it came to pass on the second sabbath after the first, that he went through the corn fields; and his disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands.

And certain of the Pharisees said unto them, Why do ye that which is not lawful to do on the sabbath days?

And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungred, and they which were with him;

How he went into the house of God, and did take and eat the shewbread, and gave also to them that were with him; which it is not lawful to eat but for the priests alone?

And he said unto them, That the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.

John
John (King James Version) not cited in the book

Technical details

Bar chart for the year 31

Location: In Galilee during the return journey, near the town of Scythopolis

Date : La fête de Pâque a lieu le lundi 24 mars 31. Le arrive le 29 mars 31, quelques jours après, ils sont encore à Jérusalem. Ils repartent surement vers le 1 avril et arrivent le 5 avril en Galilée

Approach: We continue to follow Mark

Note sur le mode opératoire : Marc aborde maintenant le problème du . Jean avait déjà évoqué une guérison le jour du (PER069) ce qui avait provoqué un débat avec les

Return to Galilee

Because the do not recognise Jesus as the Messiah announced by the prophets, they do not understand his position as master over the law's injunctions.

Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath

Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath

Comments

Les versions TOB (Traduction Œcuménique de la Bible) et PVV (Parole Vivante) traduise par :“un second du premier mois”, et “Le second (après la fête de la Pâque)”. Nous pensons effectivement au du 5 avril 31, le second après la fête de Pâque. Dans ces conditions, le Messie Jésus et ses disciples commencent leur voyage le 31 mars ou le 1er avril et, le jour du , ils suspendent leur marche. Ils se trouvent alors au sud de la Galilée, où ils se reposent.

Here Mark recalls an event that took place after the return from Jerusalem (PER069: The second Passover festival in Jerusalem), while Luke gives us the precise date. The wheat harvest has not yet begun. Galilee's mild climate favours an early harvest. April fits the description of nature's progress in this region.

Les interpellent le Messie Jésus au sujet du . La loi de Moïse autorise pourtant de manger des grains de blé ce jour-là (Deuteronomy 23.24), mais leur interprétation l’interdit ! La discussion devient conflictuelle. Ces , contrariés par la notoriété grandissante de ce nouveau Prédicateur, cherchent le moindre détail pour le discréditer aux yeux du peuple. En revenant aux sources même de la loi, le Messie Jésus met en évidence les nombreuses dérives du Judaïsme.

Jesus the Messiah's message, though simple, now proves divisive. The people understand and accept it, but the religious leaders, rebuked in their consciences, firmly oppose it. His knowledge of the biblical texts confronts these men with their contradictions.

Jesus the Messiah in no way opposes the principles of Judaism; he denounces only the distortions linked to the interpretation of the . The Teacher demonstrates that compromise is impossible, making a choice necessary. Burdened by a collection of complex prescriptions, Judaism has over the years become a system utterly opposed to its original form.

Le Messie Jésus remet en cause tout le système politico-religieux de l’époque et nous comprenons que cette révolution ne peut que le conduire à la mort. La démonstration des trois auteurs apparaît clairement et nous conduit à cette conclusion : le Fils de l’homme est le Seigneur du . Le Messie Jésus possède donc l’autorité pour rétablir un véritable !