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The question of John the Baptist's disciples about fasting

This article explores the question about fasting asked by John the Baptist's disciples and Jesus' reply, highlighting the transition from traditional Judaism to a personal relationship with God that is distinctive in Christianity.

5 min fasting John's disciples Jesus New Covenant 3 verses 3 books

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Biblical texts

Matthew
Matthew 9.14-15 (King James Version)

Then came to him the disciples of John, saying, Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not?

And Jesus said unto them, Can the children of the bridechamber mourn, as long as the bridegroom is with them? but the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken from them, and then shall they fast.

Mark
Mark 2.18-20 (King James Version)

And the disciples of John and of the Pharisees used to fast: and they come and say unto him, Why do the disciples of John and of the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not?

And Jesus said unto them, Can the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast.

But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days.

Luke
Luke 5.33-35 (King James Version)

And they said unto him, Why do the disciples of John fast often, and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink?

And he said unto them, Can ye make the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them?

But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days.

John
John (King James Version) not cited in the book

Technical details

Bar chart for the year 31

Location: The town of Capernaum in Galilee and the entire surrounding region

Date: All these events take place during AD 31

Method: We return to Mark

Note on the approach: We now place here the two events recorded by Mark: the questions of John the Baptist's disciples and the of the new cloth

Ministry in Galilee

John the Baptist's faithful disciples have questions about Jesus the Messiah. His companions and his way of life arouse their curiosity.

The question of John the Baptist's disciples about fasting

The question of John the Baptist's disciples about fasting

Comments

The behaviour of Jesus, regarded as the Messiah, and of his disciples surprises not only the but also John the Baptist's disciples. Sharing a meal with people considered undesirable and not observing the fasting prescribed by Jewish law seem completely at odds with an exemplary religious life.

Luke took the opportunity presented by the question asked by the at Matthew's banquet to bring these two questions together. These disciples of John the Baptist, probably from the region of Bethany beyond the Jordan, about five days' walk away, express their interest in Jesus.

These disciples of the Prophet, who is then imprisoned and perhaps even already dead, are greatly surprised by Jesus the Messiah's life. Indeed, he eats and drinks with anyone, something John the Baptist would never have done. We observe that they still form a group at that point: ‘John the Baptist's disciples’. We infer that their teacher's disappearance has not scattered his followers. In this context, failure to observe fasting, regulated by Jewish law, raises many questions and visibly shocks these men. Why do this new Teacher's disciples depart from this rule? The question is asked not to catch Jesus out, as the regularly did, but to understand.

The surprising reply seems difficult for these disciples of John the Baptist to interpret and accept. Jesus presents himself as the bridegroom presiding among his guests. Under these circumstances, fasting seems entirely out of place.

But what exactly does this metaphor mean? The rest of the account will help us discover the Teacher's message. The relationship between human beings and God, as described in Judaism, changes radically with Jesus' coming.

All the prescriptions of the law of Moses now reach their fulfilment. A new life based on voluntary commitment succeeds this series of obligations. We find here again the teaching given to the (PER046) and to Nicodemus (PER041).

This text also allows us to discover the great difference between Judaism and Christianity. The very nature of the relationship between human beings and their God changes. Rites now give way to a personal relationship within the believer's heart, the seat of feelings, and spirit.

This message represents a great change for these disciples of John. Nevertheless, they observe that no one, not even their teacher, has ever spoken like Jesus. They are not facing a deluded man; quite the contrary, his words and reasoning are coherent and even impressive.

By specifying that ‘the bridegroom will be taken away from them’, Jesus is already announcing his death. From that moment, fasting will be useful and even necessary.