Bible translation

The article deals with the translation of the Septuagint, a Greek version of the Hebrew Bible made in the 3rd century BC for Greek-speaking Jews. Produced in Alexandria, the Septuagint greatly influenced the first Christians. It includes various biblical books and was initiated by King Ptolemy II.

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The article discusses how artificial intelligence could transform Bible translation, while highlighting the linguistic and cultural challenges of translating ancient texts. It also looks at the Segond 21 translation, which reconciles faithfulness with modern language.

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The article explores the life of Augustin Crampon, famous for his translation of the Bible. Ordained a priest in 1851, he studied under Arthur Le Hir and became an expert in biblical languages. His translation, published after his death in 1904, remains a major Catholic reference.

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The Peshitta is one of the oldest translations of the Bible into the Syriac language (Aramaic). Its Old Testament was translated from Hebrew in the 2nd century, and its New Testament from Koine Greek in the 5th century. Meaning 'simple' or 'common', it is the standard Bible version of the Syriac Orthodox and Catholic Churches. It plays a major role in the transmission of the biblical texts and is a valuable source for textual criticism.

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The Textus Receptus is a compilation of the Greek text of the New Testament first published by Erasmus in 1516. Revised by Estienne, Beza and the Elzevir brothers, it served as the basis for major translations such as the King James Bible and Luther's Bible. In the 19th century, the discovery of older manuscripts such as Codex Sinaiticus revealed its limitations. Modern critical editions (Nestle-Aland, UBS) have since replaced it, although it remains an essential historical reference.

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This article distinguishes Bible translation, which consists of creating a new version from the original texts in Hebrew, Greek or Aramaic, from revision, which improves and updates an existing translation. Translation requires mastery of the source languages and involves choices between literal fidelity and dynamism. Revision corrects errors, modernizes the language and improves readability. The example of the Segond Bible and its 1910 revision concretely illustrates these two complementary processes.

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This article explains the advantages of a revision over a new Bible translation. A revision ensures continuity for familiar readers, improves accuracy thanks to new manuscript discoveries, adapts the text to modern linguistic change, reduces costs and preserves the authority of the original version. It is a balanced approach combining tradition and modernity.

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The Segond 1910 Bible is the first major revision of Louis Segond's Bible translation, carried out after his death under the auspices of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Faithful to the original Hebrew and Greek texts, it corrects errors and lightly modernizes the language for better accessibility. Widely adopted by French-speaking Protestant communities, it became an essential reference for decades and laid the foundations for later Bible revisions.

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The Scofield Bible (Revised Version 1975) is a revision of the Louis Segond translation enriched with the reference notes of the American theologian C.I. Scofield. It includes doctrinal annotations, cross-references, diagrams and maps. A major tool in evangelical and fundamentalist circles, it popularized dispensationalism and remains widely used for in-depth study of the Scriptures.

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The Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG 1979) is a revision of the Louis Segond translation, published by the Société Biblique de Genève. It modernizes the language while remaining faithful to the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. Widely adopted in French-speaking Protestant churches, it is valued for its clarity, its precision and its usefulness in Bible study and theological teaching.

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The Bible à la Colombe is a revision of the Segond 1910 translation, published in 1978 by the Alliance Biblique Française. The result of 25 years of work by Belgian, French and Swiss experts, it aims to modernize the language and come closer to the original manuscripts. Highly valued in French-speaking Protestant circles, it takes its name from the dove adorning its cover.

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