Having devoted a first study to all the passages concerning Jesus the Messiah in the Gospels, gathered in the form of a synopsis, it seemed natural to us to continue this research by examining the second work attributed to Luke: the Acts of the Apostles. This continuity is self-evident, since the evangelist presents his first book as the account of "all that Jesus began to do and teach," while Acts shows how this work continues after the resurrection, through the action of the Holy Spirit and the witness of the disciples (Acts 1.1-2; Luke 1.1-4).
In this new study, we will adopt an approach comparable to the one that guided our previous work. Each event reported by Luke will be examined carefully and placed, as far as possible, in its chronological, geographical, historical, religious and social context. Such an approach should allow us to better understand the birth of the Church, its gradual development and its expansion from Jerusalem to the main regions of the Mediterranean world, in keeping with the program announced by Jesus the Messiah himself (Acts 1.8).
While the book of Acts is naturally the main source of this research, it will constantly be set alongside the apostolic epistles, and more particularly the letters of Paul. Written in the very midst of the events, these writings shed valuable light on the apostle's thought, his missionary journeys, the difficulties he faced and the life of the first Christian communities (Galatians 1.11-24; 2 Corinthians 11.23-28; Philippians 1.12-14). Comparing these various sources will often make it possible to clarify or complete Luke's testimony.
Une place importante sera accordée aux deux grandes figures qui dominent le récit des Actes. Pierre apparaît comme le principal acteur des premiers chapitres. Porte-parole des Douze, il joue un rôle décisif dans les débuts de l’Église à Jérusalem et dans l’ouverture de l’Évangile aux premiers croyants issus du monde non juif (Acts 2.14-41 ; Acts 10.34-48). À partir du chapitre 13, l’attention se porte progressivement sur Paul, dont le ministère contribue de manière décisive à la diffusion du christianisme dans le monde gréco- (Acts 9.15 ; Acts 13.46-48 ; Romans 15.18-19).
Establishing a coherent chronology of events is one of the major difficulties of this study. Although Luke shows a real concern for historical precision, explicit chronological indications remain relatively rare. It will therefore be necessary to compare his testimony with the data provided by the epistles, as well as with information drawn from history and archaeology. Maps and chronological tables will complete this research in order to better visualize the missionary journeys and the gradual expansion of Christianity during the first century.
The aim of this work is not only to reconstruct the beginnings of the Church in their historical dimension. The book of Acts is also the testimony of God's sovereign action in history and of the work of the Holy Spirit within the community of believers. Through the successes, the opposition and the many trials met by the first disciples, Luke shows how the message of salvation gradually spread from Israel to the nations (Acts 2.16-21; Acts 28.28).
We will thus seek to offer a synthesis of this foundational period of Christianity that is as rigorous as possible, striving to distinguish firmly established facts from hypotheses that remain open to discussion. Our ambition will be above all to follow, step by step, the testimony left by Luke in order to better understand the first developments of the Church and the spread of the Gospel in the ancient world.