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INF037
Exemples de source Sacerdotale
Cet article explore la source sacerdotale de la Bible, centrée sur les rituels, les lois et les généalogies. Elle est illustrée par des passages tels que la Création, la généalogie d'Adam à Noé et le Lévitique. Chaque exemple souligne son style structuré et détaillé.
Numbers 16-17 (King James Version) :Now Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, and Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben, took men:NoteYe take…: Heb. It is much for youAnd they rose up before Moses, with certain of the children of Israel, two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation, men of renown:And they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron, and said unto them, Ye take too much upon you, seeing all the congregation are holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them: wherefore then lift ye up yourselves above the congregation of the LORD?And when Moses heard it, he fell upon his face:And he spake unto Korah and unto all his company, saying, Even to morrow the LORD will shew who are his, and who is holy; and will cause him to come near unto him: even him whom he hath chosen will he cause to come near unto him.This do; Take you censers, Korah, and all his company;And put fire therein, and put incense in them before the LORD to morrow: and it shall be that the man whom the LORD doth choose, he shall be holy: ye take too much upon you, ye sons of Levi.And Moses said unto Korah, Hear, I pray you, ye sons of Levi:Seemeth it but a small thing unto you, that the God of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself to do the service of the tabernacle of the LORD, and to stand before the congregation to minister unto them?And he hath brought thee near to him, and all thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee: and seek ye the priesthood also?For which cause both thou and all thy company are gathered together against the LORD: and what is Aaron, that ye murmur against him?And Moses sent to call Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab: which said, We will not come up:Noteput…: Heb. bore outIs it a small thing that thou hast brought us up out of a land that floweth with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness, except thou make thyself altogether a prince over us?Moreover thou hast not brought us into a land that floweth with milk and honey, or given us inheritance of fields and vineyards: wilt thou put out the eyes of these men? we will not come up.And Moses was very wroth, and said unto the LORD, Respect not thou their offering: I have not taken one ass from them, neither have I hurt one of them.And Moses said unto Korah, Be thou and all thy company before the LORD, thou, and they, and Aaron, to morrow:And take every man his censer, and put incense in them, and bring ye before the LORD every man his censer, two hundred and fifty censers; thou also, and Aaron, each of you his censer.And they took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon, and stood in the door of the tabernacle of the congregation with Moses and Aaron.And Korah gathered all the congregation against them unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the congregation.And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,Separate yourselves from among this congregation, that I may consume them in a moment.And they fell upon their faces, and said, O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and wilt thou be wroth with all the congregation?And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notethe common…: Heb. as every man diethNotemake…: Heb. create a creatureSpeak unto the congregation, saying, Get you up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram.And Moses rose up and went unto Dathan and Abiram; and the elders of Israel followed him.And he spake unto the congregation, saying, Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of theirs, lest ye be consumed in all their sins.So they gat up from the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side: and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood in the door of their tents, and their wives, and their sons, and their little children.And Moses said, Hereby ye shall know that the LORD hath sent me to do all these works; for I have not done them of mine own mind.If these men die the common death of all men, or if they be visited after the visitation of all men; then the LORD hath not sent me.But if the LORD make a new thing, and the earth open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have provoked the LORD.And it came to pass, as he had made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground clave asunder that was under them:And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods.They, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation.And all Israel that were round about them fled at the cry of them: for they said, Lest the earth swallow us up also.And there came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the two hundred and fifty men that offered incense.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Speak unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, that he take up the censers out of the burning, and scatter thou the fire yonder; for they are hallowed.The censers of these sinners against their own souls, let them make them broad plates for a covering of the altar: for they offered them before the LORD, therefore they are hallowed: and they shall be a sign unto the children of Israel.And Eleazar the priest took the brasen censers, wherewith they that were burnt had offered; and they were made broad plates for a covering of the altar:To be a memorial unto the children of Israel, that no stranger, which is not of the seed of Aaron, come near to offer incense before the LORD; that he be not as Korah, and as his company: as the LORD said to him by the hand of Moses.But on the morrow all the congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron, saying, Ye have killed the people of the LORD.And it came to pass, when the congregation was gathered against Moses and against Aaron, that they looked toward the tabernacle of the congregation: and, behold, the cloud covered it, and the glory of the LORD appeared.And Moses and Aaron came before the tabernacle of the congregation.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Get you up from among this congregation, that I may consume them as in a moment. And they fell upon their faces.And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun.And Aaron took as Moses commanded, and ran into the midst of the congregation; and, behold, the plague was begun among the people: and he put on incense, and made an atonement for the people.And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was stayed.Now they that died in the plague were fourteen thousand and seven hundred, beside them that died about the matter of Korah.And Aaron returned unto Moses unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the plague was stayed.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Speak unto the children of Israel, and take of every one of them a rod according to the house of their fathers, of all their princes according to the house of their fathers twelve rods: write thou every man’s name upon his rod.And thou shalt write Aaron’s name upon the rod of Levi: for one rod shall be for the head of the house of their fathers.And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I will meet with you.And it shall come to pass, that the man’s rod, whom I shall choose, shall blossom: and I will make to cease from me the murmurings of the children of Israel, whereby they murmur against you.And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, and every one of their princes gave him a rod apiece, for each prince one, according to their fathers’ houses, even twelve rods: and the rod of Aaron was among their rods.Notea rod…: Heb. a rod for one prince, a rod for one princeAnd Moses laid up the rods before the LORD in the tabernacle of witness.And it came to pass, that on the morrow Moses went into the tabernacle of witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and yielded almonds.And Moses brought out all the rods from before the LORD unto all the children of Israel: and they looked, and took every man his rod.And the LORD said unto Moses, Bring Aaron’s rod again before the testimony, to be kept for a token against the rebels; and thou shalt quite take away their murmurings from me, that they die not.Noterebels: Heb. children of rebellionAnd Moses did so: as the LORD commanded him, so did he.And the children of Israel spake unto Moses, saying, Behold, we die, we perish, we all perish.Whosoever cometh any thing near unto the tabernacle of the LORD shall die: shall we be consumed with dying?King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
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La source Sacerdotale
La source Sacerdotale (P) est l'une des quatre sources hypothétiques de la Torah selon l'hypothèse documentaire. Caractérisée par un style formel et répétitif, elle met l'accent sur les rituels, les lois de pureté, les généalogies et les cérémonies cultuelles. Elle présente Dieu comme transcendant et majestueux. Datée de l'exil babylonien ou de la période post-exilique (VIe-Ve siècle av. J.-C.), elle aurait été rédigée par des prêtres du Temple de Jérusalem. Sa validité reste débattue parmi les chercheurs contemporains.
Genesis 1 (King James Version) :In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.Notethe light from…: Heb. between the light and between the darknessNoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.Notefirmament: Heb. expansionNoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.Notegrass: Heb. tender grassNoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.And the evening and the morning were the third day.And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:Notethe day…: Heb. between the day and between the nightNoteto rule the day…: Heb. for the rule of the day, etc.NoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth,And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.Notemoving: or, creepingNotelife: Heb. soulNotefowl…: Heb. let fowl flyNoteopen…: Heb. face of the firmament of heavenNoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good.And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.Notemoveth: Heb. creepethSo God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.Notebearing…: Heb. seeding seedNoteyielding…: Heb. seeding seedNotelife: Heb. a living soulNoteAnd the evening…: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was etc.And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org