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INF034
Exemples de source Jahviste
L'article décrit des passages du Pentateuque attribués à la source Jahviste, laquelle se distingue par l'usage du nom divin Yahvé et des descriptions anthropomorphiques de Dieu. Exemples notables: la création, la chute, Caïn et Abel, et l'appel de Moïse. Ces passages montrent les caractéristiques distinctes de la source Jahviste.
Genesis 4.1-16 (King James Version) :And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD.NoteCain: that is, Gotten, or, AcquiredNoteAbel: Heb. HebelNotea keeper: Heb. a feederAnd she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD.Notein process…: Heb. at the end of daysNoteflock: Heb. sheep, or, goatsAnd Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering:But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen?Notebe accepted: or, have the excellencyNoteunto…: or, subject unto theeIf thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother’s keeper?Noteblood: Heb. bloodsAnd he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from the ground.And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother’s blood from thy hand;When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth.And Cain said unto the LORD, My punishment is greater than I can bear.NoteMy…: or, Mine iniquity is greater than that it may be forgivenBehold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth; and it shall come to pass, that every one that findeth me shall slay me.And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.And Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden.NoteEnoch: Heb. ChanochNoteLamech: Heb. LemechKing James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF041
La source Jahviste
La source Jahviste (J) est une source hypothétique de la Torah identifiée par l'hypothèse documentaire du XIXe siècle. Nommée d'après l'usage du nom divin YHWH, elle se caractérise par un style anthropomorphique et narratif. Associée à des textes comme la création (Gn 2) et la chute (Gn 3), sa datation reste débattue. Aujourd'hui, sa validité est remise en question par les exégètes contemporains.
Genesis 2.4-25 (King James Version) :These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,Notethere…: or, a mist which went up from, etc.Noteof the dust…: Heb. dust of the groundAnd every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.NoteEthiopia: Heb. CushNotetoward…: or, eastward to AssyriaNotethe man: or, AdamAnd out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:Notethou…: Heb. eating thou shalt eatNotethou shalt surely…: Heb. dying thou shalt dieBut of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.Notemeet…: Heb. as before himNoteAdam: or, the manNotegave: Heb. calledAnd out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;Notemade: Heb. buildedNoteWoman: Heb. IshaNoteMan: Heb. IshAnd the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org