Louis Segond (1810-1885) was a Swiss theologian, renowned for his translation of the Bible into French. His work has left a deep mark on the Protestant world, and this translation is still in use more than 150 years after its first edition.
In this document, we will examine information about this man and review all the revisions of his translation, up to the current version used on this site, the S21 (Segond 21).
Louis SEGOND
Louis Segond, a Swiss theologian, translated the Bible into French. His version, based on the Masoretic text and the Textus Receptus, remains a major reference for French-speaking Protestants. His faithful translation of the Scriptures was revised after his death and is still in use today.
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Introduction
I. Life and Career
Louis Segond was born on 3 May 1810 in Plainpalais, near Geneva. He studied natural sciences and medicine at the Academy of Geneva, then went on to study theology in Strasbourg and Bonn.
In 1839, he became pastor of the National Church of Geneva at Chêne-Bougeries, where he exercised his ministry for 24 years.
In 1872, he was appointed professor of Old Testament at the Academy of Geneva.
II. The Translation of the Bible
Between 1864 and 1871, he translated the Old Testament at the request of the Company of Pastors of Geneva.
His translation of the Old Testament was published in two volumes in 1871.
He translated the New Testament as a personal project between 1874 and 1880. This translation of the New Testament would be published in 1980.
The Company of Pastors of Geneva initially asked Louis Segond to translate the Old Testament, which was completed in 1871. Because of the quality of his work, he then undertook to translate the New Testament, but this initiative was rather a personal undertaking, motivated by his desire to complete the work and to make the whole of the Scriptures accessible in French. The translation of the New Testament was completed in 1879, and the complete Bible (Old and New Testaments) was first published in 1880.
III. Texts Used by Louis Segond
For the translation of the Old Testament, Louis Segond used the Masoretic text. The Masoretic text is the traditional Hebrew version of the () standardized by Jewish scholars called the Masoretes between the 7th and 10th centuries. It is considered one of the most faithful and accurate versions of the original Hebrew text.
This Hebrew text contains a few passages in Aramaic. It has been handed down through the centuries with great accuracy thanks to the Masoretes, who added annotations and notes to preserve the pronunciation and the correct reading of the text.
For the New Testament, Louis Segond mainly used the Greek text. He relied on the available in his day, notably the Textus Receptus and other ancient Greek manuscripts.
Louis Segond's translation was therefore carried out with particular care to remain faithful to the original Hebrew and Greek texts, thus ensuring great accuracy and clarity in his French version of the Bible.
IV. Revisions of Louis Segond's Text
Following the death of Louis Segond, a revision of his translation was published in 1910 by the British and Foreign Bible Society. This revised version incorporated adjustments aimed at improving the accuracy and clarity of the text. It became the most popular and widely used version in France and in French-speaking countries.
V. The 1910 Revision
1910: Segond 1910 Bible
Details: First posthumous revision of Louis Segond's translation, carried out by the British and Foreign Bible Society. It sought to improve the accuracy and clarity of the original version.
VI. The 1975 Revision Known as the Scofield Bible
1975: Revised Version 1975
Details: A revision made to accompany the reference notes of C.I. Scofield. Known as the Scofield Bible, with Scofield's notes, it made adjustments to modernize the language and aid understanding.
In fact, the Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG) was first published in 1975 with the commentaries of C.I. Scofield. The 1979 version is a revised and corrected version of this edition
VII. The Nouvelle Édition de Genève 1979 (NEG)
1979: Segond Revised Bible 1979
Details: A revision intended to modernize the language and improve clarity. Also known as the Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG). This version was widely used in evangelical circles.
In fact, the Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG) was first published in 1975 with the commentaries of C.I. Scofield. The 1979 version is a revised and corrected version of this edition
1979: La Bible à la Colombe
Details: Also known as the “Centenary Bible”, it was published to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the first publication of Louis Segond's translation. It aims to modernize and clarify the text for a contemporary audience.
1996: Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG 1979)
Details: Sometimes also referred to as the “Nouvelle Édition de Genève (NEG)” or the 1979 revision, published in 1996. This version is a revision of the earlier texts for greater fidelity to the original manuscripts, also aiming to modernize the language.
X. The Nouvelle Bible Segond 2002 (NBS)
2002: Nouvelle Bible Segond (NBS)
Details: A major revision that follows developments in the French language and advances in biblical studies. It emphasizes readability and fidelity to the original texts.
2007: Segond 21 Bible (S21)
Details: Known for its slogan “L'original, avec les mots d'aujourd'hui” (“The original, in today's words”). It aims to make the text more accessible and understandable for the modern reader while remaining faithful to the original sources.
We have adopted this translation for the studies published on this site, schilo.org. We express our gratitude to the Geneva Bible Society for its generous consent to the use of this text, which remains protected by copyright.
Conclusion
We have traced the evolution of the Louis Segond translation and its revisions. To date, no new project to translate or revise the Bible is under way. The most recent translation, published in 2013, is the Nouvelle Traduction Officielle Liturgique (NTOL), a Catholic version. This text will be analyzed in a later chapter of this study.
It is relevant to compare the original version of Louis Segond's translation with the most recent one in order to identify linguistic developments. It is crucial to adopt a contemporary, constantly evolving language, in order to ensure optimal understanding by the general public.
Louis Segond remained largely unknown to the general public, but his work is of considerable value, although few people today appreciate its importance. Thanks to his devotion, his spiritual commitment and his tireless work, we can read the text of the Bible with exceptional clarity and ease.